Toward a memory perspective on eating psychopathology: An investigation of the types of childhood and adolescence memories that are associated with eating disorder symptoms.

The cognitive mechanisms through which specific life events affect the development and maintenance of eating disorders (ED) have received limited attention in the scientific literature. The present research aims to address this gap by adopting a memory perspective to explore the type of life events associated with eating psychopathology and how these events are encoded and reconstructed as memories. Two studies (n = 208 and n = 193) were conducted to investigate the relationship between specific memories and eating disorder psychopathology. Study 1 focused on parent-related memories, while Study 2 examined childhood/adolescence memories. Results from both studies revealed that need thwarting and shame in memories were associated with eating disorder symptoms, but only when individuals drew symbolic connections between these memories and food or eating behavior. Moreover, need thwarting and shame in such memories were associated with other eating and body image outcomes, including uncontrolled eating and body esteem. These results also held after controlling for a host of known predictors of eating disorder psychopathology, such as BMI, perfectionism, or thin ideal internalization. Overall, the present findings suggest that the reprocessing of memories symbolically and idiosyncratically linked to food and eating behavior might be a fruitful clinical intervention.

Completeness of intervention reporting of nutrition-focused weight management interventions adjunct to metabolic and bariatric surgery: effect of the TIDieR checklist.

Nutrition-focused interventions are essential to optimize the bariatric care process and improve health and weight outcomes over time. Clear and detailed reporting of these interventions in research reports is crucial for understanding and applying the findings effectively in clinical practice and research replication. Given the importance of reporting transparency in research, this study aimed to use the Template for Intervention Description and Replication (TIDieR) checklist to evaluate the completeness of intervention reporting in nutritional weight management interventions adjunct to metabolic and bariatric surgery (MBS). The secondary aim was to examine the factors associated with better reporting. A literature search in PubMed, PsychINFO, EMBASE, Scopus, and the Cochrane Controlled Register of Trials was conducted to include randomized controlled trials (RCT), quasi-RCTs and parallel group trials. A total of 22 trials were included in the final analysis. Among the TIDieR 12 items, 6.6 ± 1.9 items were fully reported by all studies. None of the studies completely reported all intervention descriptors. The main areas where reporting required improvement were providing adequate details of the materials and procedures of the interventions, intervention personalization, and intervention modifications during the study. The quality of intervention reporting remained the same after vs. before the release of the TIDieR guidelines. Receiving funds from industrial organizations (p = 0.02) and having the study recorded within a registry platform (p = 0.08) were associated with better intervention reporting. Nutritional weight management interventions in MBS care are still below the desirable standards for reporting. The present study highlights the need to improve adequate reporting of such interventions, which would allow for greater replicability, evaluation through evidence synthesis studies, and transferability into clinical practice.

The nature of expectations of bariatric surgery in patients during the pre- and post-operative period: A unicentric, qualitative study of patient perspectives.

Many patients (20%-30%) experience suboptimal weight loss (WL) after bariatric surgery (BS), and unrealistic preoperative WL expectations may be a contributing factor. This study aimed to describe the nature of patients' general expectations of BS during the pre-surgical period, and how patients determined whether their expectations and WL goals (WLGs) were realistic. The extent to which patients' expectations and WLGs were met and/or changed during the post-surgical period was also assessed. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 preoperative patients recruited approximately 6-months before surgery. Focus groups were also conducted with 14 post-operative patients recruited approximately 6-months after surgery. Interviews and focus groups were audio-recorded, transcribed verbatim and analysed using qualitative content analysis. Preoperative patients reported expectations that BS would positively impact physical and psychological health, social relationships, as well as quality of care. Preoperative patients perceived that they and their health care professionals had unrealistically high expectations of WL. Post-operative patients reported being generally satisfied with the outcomes of surgery, even though many did not reach their expected WL. Finally, most post-operative patients reported changing their expectations from pre- to post-surgery. This study provides data that may help inform the development of preoperative interventions focusing on helping patients set realistic expectations for WL and related outcomes, which could better prepare patients for the challenges they will face after surgery.

Childhood Maltreatment in Patients Undergoing Bariatric Surgery: Implications for Weight Loss, Depression and Eating Behavior.

We aimed to explore the relationships between childhood maltreatment and changes in weight, depressive symptoms and eating behavior post-bariatric surgery (BS). Participants (n = 111, 85% females) were evaluated pre-surgery, and at 6 months (6 M) and 12 months (12 M) post-BS. History of maltreatment was assessed at baseline (Childhood Trauma Questionnaire), and depressive symptoms (Beck Depression Inventory-II) and eating behavior (Dutch Eating Behavior Questionnaire) were assessed at all time points. Participants' mean age and median BMI were 45.1 ± 11.7 years and 46.7 (IQR 42.4-51.9) kg/m2, respectively. Histories of emotional (EA), physical (PA) and sexual abuse (SA) and emotional (EN) and physical (PN) neglect were reported by 47.7%, 25.2%, 39.6%, 51.4% and 40.5%, respectively, with 78.4% reporting at least one form of maltreatment. Changes in weight and depressive symptoms were not different between patients with vs. without a history of maltreatment. However, those with vs. without SA demonstrated limited changes in emotional eating (EE) at 12 M, while those without showed improvements. Conversely, patients with vs. without EN showed greater improvements in external eating (ExE) at 6 M, but differences were no longer observed by 12 M. Results indicate that histories of SA and EN are associated with changes in eating behaviors post-BS and have implications for assessment, monitoring and potential intervention development.

Coconstruction of adjunct behavioral interventions to bariatric surgery: The INTER-Change program.

OBJECTIVE: The INTER-Change program aims to use systematic frameworks to develop adjunct behavioral interventions to enhance long-term behavior change and improve outcomes in patients undergoing bariatric surgery (BS). This paper details the program strategies and how engagement of interested parties is shaping the research. METHOD: The core elements of this work include: (a) A living systematic review of behavioral weight management (BWM) interventions adjunct to BS; (b) Focus groups of interested parties, including patients, healthcare professionals, and administrators, on different aspects of designing and implementing adjunct behavioral interventions; (c) A patient-generated survey to assess needs for behavioral interventions to support BWM; (d) An international eDelphi study involving interested parties to prioritize intervention components and delivery structures; and (e) An international consensus meeting to construct testing intervention protocol(s). RESULTS: The systematic review revealed that delivering BWM interventions during the postoperative period resulted in better weight maintenance; however, most interventions reviewed were poorly developed, and none included interested parties. Initial themes from ongoing focus groups highlighted nonweight-related outcomes as being key goals of adjunct behavior change interventions, with a strong emphasis on psychological well-being and health-related behaviors. The patient survey will add patients' feedback on current interventions and expectations. Finally, the eDelphi process and international consensus meeting will integrate all the findings to develop more efficient behavioral interventions and appropriate testing protocol(s). CONCLUSIONS: This integrated knowledge translation approach will help ensure that the behavioral adjunct interventions are relevant to interested parties' needs, well-designed, effective, and more likely to be implemented successfully. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved).